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tr>Personal Amplification SystemAn amplification device that utilizes a Bluetooth streamer, mini remote microphones, or an app that may be used in conjunction with hearing aids or cochlear implants.
See also Amplification Devices, Hearing Loss.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Palatal Fronting | See Phonological Processes – Substitution – Depalatalization |
| Palate | The roof of the mouth which includes the hard palate and the soft palate (or velum).
Link 1: Wikipedia – Palate |
| Papilloma | This is a wort like growth that spreads over the vocal folds, laryngeal walls and / or epiglottis. (Papilloma is a general medical term for a tumor of the skin or mucous membrane and can occur on other parts of the body too.) These nodular masses vary in color from pinkish white to red. The growth is typically benign, but may multiply quickly and block the airway requiring surgery to remove. This is called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP)
Link 1:Link 1: HealthGrades – Papilloma |
| Paralanguage | Also paralinguistics. Communication features that aid in comprehension and expression but are not a part of formal language system including prosody, pitch, volume, intonation, body language, facial expressions and hand gestures. (See Kinesics)
Link 1: Wikipedia – Paralanguage
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| Pediatric | Relating to the branch of medical science that deals with the health, development and diseases of infants, children and adolescents.
Link 1: Wikipedia – Pediatrics |
| Perception | The awareness and appreciation of the sensory signals that are then identified, organized and interpreted to understand the environment or situation.
Link 1: Wikipedia – Perception |
| Phonation | Voiced sounds produced by vocal fold vibrations.
Link 1: Wikipedia – Phonation |
| Phoneme | The smallest unit of sound of a language that can be distinguished from other sounds in the language and has meaning. There are 44 phonemes in the English language each one representing a different sound a person can make. There are 26 letters in the alphabet, so some combination of letters make phonemes. There are 12 vowels, 24 consonants and 8 diphthongs. Example – Ch has three different sounds /ʃ/, /k/ and /tʃ/. /ʃ/ chef, /k/ Chord and /tʃ/ Child.
Link 1: Wikipedia – Phonemes
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| Phonetics | The study of speech sounds – the physiological production and the auditory perception of sounds.
Link 1: Sounds of Speech iOS app University of Iowa includes animations of the phonetics sounds
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| Phonological Disorder | Phonologic disorder is a language disorder that affects the cognitive or linguistic level. An articulation disorder happens at the phonetic level (the motor action of producing all the sounds needed for communication). A child with an articulation disorder is able to process the words in the proper order, but has trouble producing the individual speech sounds with their articulators (lips, tongue, teeth, jaw, velum, pharynx). A child with a phonological disorder can produce the sounds, but often omits them (Book becomes Buh) or substitutes a sound for another (Fire becomes tire). Both disorders adversely affect speech intelligibility. A child can have both disorders at the same time.
Link 1: What are Phonological Disorders? Can they be corrected? SuperDuper Handy Handouts. |
| Phonological Processes | Patterns of sound errors that young children make to simplify speech as they are learning to talk. Phonological disorders occur when the errors persist beyond the proper developmental age or when the errors are not typically heard during speech development.
There are three groups of processes:
Link 1: What are Phonological Disorders? Can they be corrected? SuperDuper Handy Handouts. |
| Phonology | The study of sound patterns focusing on the rules and organization of sound units in a spoken language.
Link 1: Wikipedia – Phonation |
| Phonotrauma | Abuse or misuse of the vocal cords (folds). Phonotrauma can lead to various lesions (polyps, nodules, cysts and papillomas) |
| Physical Therapy | Physical therapy helps people restore movement and mobility after an injury or illness. A physical therapist (PT) uses manual therapy, heat, cold, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, stretching and exercising (weights, walking, bands, etc.) to reduce pain and swelling and increase strength, flexibility, endurance, coordination and balance. In many cases, a PT will work with a speech language pathologists and occupational therapists.
Link 1: Occupational Therapy vs Physical Therapy – Diffen.com |
| Piaget Cognitive Stages | See Cognitive Development |
| Place of Articulation | The location of the air constriction or narrowing in the vocal tract by an articulator when a consonant sound is produced. The English language uses the following places of articulation
Link 1: Conlang 101 Fun with Places of Articulation See also Consonant, specific places of articulation. |
| Postlingual Deafness | See Deafness |
| Postures | See Kinesics |
| Pragmatics | The analysis of the use of language in the terms of the social context in which utterances are made, including the knowledge and beliefs of the speaker and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. For example, studying not so much of what is explicitly said, but how it was said (manner and style). It provides a deeper account of human language behavior.In regard to speech and language pathology, it is how to use language appropriately in social situations. For example Susie sees her teacher at the grocery store buying cookies and says, “Hi Mrs. White, Oh my mom says that cookies make you fat” Susie spoke clearly and used correct grammar, but from a social context she spoke inappropriately.
Link 1: Wikipedia – Pragmatics
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| Pragmatic Disorder | Pragmatic Disorders affect the use of language in social situations. Children with difficulty in this area of communication often have difficulty establishing and/or maintaining eye contact, understanding personal space, using language for different purposes (greeting, informing, demanding, promising, requesting), adapting language depending on the needs of the listener, initiating/maintaining conversations, staying on conversational topic and interpreting non verbal cues such as facial expressions. Children with pragmatic disorders often have difficulty with vocabulary development and syntax as well.
Link 1: Wikipedia – Pragmatics Language Impairment
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| Precanonical Babbling | See babbling |
| Prefix | A free or bound morpheme that is placed before a root word to form a new word. For example Fireman or unfit. |
| Prelingual Deafness | See Deafness |
| Prelinguistic Language | See Language |
| Preoperational Stage | See Cognitive Development |
| Prevocalic Voicing | See Phonological Processes – Assimilation |
| Proprioception Perception | See Perception |
| Protrusion Lisp | See Lisp |
| Proxemics | See Kinesics |
| Psychogenic Deafness | See Deafness |
| Pure Word Deafness | See Deafness, See Wernicke’s Aphasia |
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